嚴州（建德）方言的詞素“把”（po55）既可作為給予動詞亦可作為賓語標記使用（曹志耘 2017）。前一種情況下,po55相當於普通話中的三價動詞“給”,其中物體轉移的方式在語義上是非確定的,而後一種情況下,po55用於標記其後名詞的不同題元角色,類似普通話的“把”。Po55的多功能性源於Chappell（2007）所定義的語法化路徑,即從給予/幫助類動詞到賓語標記。通過與“把”及“把”字句的深入對比,我們認為po55後名詞必須經受特定形式的影響,並且總是與因動詞短語所示事件的實現而引出的特定結果狀態相聯繫。在Randall（2010）連接理論框架的基礎上,我們提出了對po55的基於致使性的統一處理。這使我們最終有理由相信,致使性構成了po55內在概念結構的核心部分,且po55詞彙化為嚴格意義上的致使單位,儘管它具有語法上的雙重特性。
Abstract
The morpheme po55 in the Yanzhou (Jiande) dialect functions as either a verb of giving or an object marker (Cao 2017). In the former case, po55 patterns with the ditransitive verb gěi in Mandarin Chinese, where the mode of transfer is semantically underspecified, while in the latter case, po55 marks distinct thematic roles of the post-po55 NP, akin to bǎ. The multifunction of po55 results from the grammaticalization pathway from verb of giving/helping to object marker, as defined by Chappell (2007). Through the extensive comparison with bǎ and bǎ-sentences in this paper, we argue that the post-po55 NP must be affected in a specific way and is always associated with the resultative state, due to the realization of the event denoted by the VP. By employing the linking framework in Randall 2010, we propose a unified treatment of po55 based on causativity, which ultimately leads to the conclusion that causativity constitutes the crucial component of the underlying Conceptual Structure of po55, while the morpheme po55 is lexicalized as a strict causative item, albeit its dual status in the grammar.
关键词
嚴州（建德）方言 /
詞素po55 /
賓語標記 /
致使性 /
連接理論
Key words
Yanzhou (Jiande) dialect /
morpheme po55 /
object marker /
causativity /
linking
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